全球水产养殖发展自2000年以来:进度在实施水产养殖发展曼谷宣言和战略2000年以后制造
贾建三|25 2010年9月|706点意见|.MP3 |9 MB |标签:环境与可持续发展
1976年,粮农组织协助在采用京都战略水产养殖发展,这有利于水产养殖从传统转型,以科学为基础的经济活动。它促进发展中国家间的技术合作,扩大国家,区域和全球水产养殖发展。1995年,粮农组织行为负责任渔业行为守则的颁布供奉在渔业和水产养殖的实践可持续发展和责任的原则。它引发了发展和日益普及的负责任捕捞,水产养殖和贸易在水产品的实用指南。随后,在2000年,NACA与粮农组织和渔业泰司合作通过了曼谷宣言和战略,这调和全球水产养殖的发展和管理纳入可持续水产养殖的五个关键领域:一个负责任的农民成为名正言顺的基本需求奖励;的成本和利益公平分享的社会理想;社会的愿望,从水产养殖的效益,而不通过其做法和产品而受到伤害;民生提供足够和负担得起的食物,每个人的务实经济目标;和道德义务,以节省为下一代的环境。
It has been recognised that the principles and strategies advocated by the Kyoto Declaration on Aquaculture in 1976, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995, and the Bangkok Declaration and Strategy in 2000 have served well the process and goals of aquaculture development.
水产养殖业进一步扩大,加剧,在过去十年中的多元化。该部门的扩张主要是由于研发突破,符合消费者需求和水产养殖政策和治理的改善,与2000曼谷宣言和战略中提出的指导意见是一致的。努力发展该部门的全部潜力,并提高全球海产品供应一直在积极追求,近年来,以创建一个监管制度配套产业扩张和成长。水产养殖部门已经制定了一个更加可持续的方式与基于生态系统的管理原则,并根据粮农组织行为负责任渔业行为守则一致。然而,这些趋势并没有同样在整个区域发生。
The aquaculture sector continued to enhance environmental performance though a combination of improved legislation and governance, technological innovations (water and discharge treatment) and better management practices. There is evidence of efforts towards application of ecosystem approach to aquaculture development in all regions. Many countries expanded their sea-farming activities and began to promote multi-trophic aquaculture with reduced environmental impact. Aquaculture networking improved and communication expanded. Technology strengthened, several new species emerged (tra catfish, tuna, cod, etc.) and some reached adequate production rates for an established market. The quantity and quality of seed and feed increased globally, taking into further consideration consumers’ concerns as well as resource availability. Significant improvements in feed conversion and fishmeal reliance have been achieved in several species. In general, aquaculture health management improved. The use of veterinary drugs and antimicrobials came under increased scrutiny, and legal frameworks for controlling their use have been established in many countries, although effective enforcement of such laws is still constrained by a shortage of financial and human resources.
尽管缺乏精确的数据,但水产养殖的s contribution to poverty alleviation, food security, gender opportunities and employment and trade has increased over the past decade. This is reflected in the increase in volume and value of production and through the growing presence of aquaculture products in world markets, in particular as raw material to the processing sector and through the availability of aquaculture products to world consumers, including domestic markets. Various related issues such as ownership by the beneficiaries, people-centred approaches, growing species that feed low on the food chain, targeting all household members, use of farmer field schools-type methodologies and the use of technologies that are developed according to the local context with network approaches have all contributed to this.
不同于全球经济的其他许多行业,养殖业一直抵御全球经济危机。然而,一个扩展的危机可能损害该行业的发展,尤其是通过限制可用于研究和支持弱势群体基金,如小规模的农民。各国政府,特别是在发展中国家,需要有到位健全的宏观经济和公共部门管理方案,以应对可能产生的影响。各国政府还需要考虑提供给弱势群体,包括从事水产养殖活动,特别是气候变化可能造成的影响的适应性反应,安全网的支持。此外,捐助伙伴的持续支持将维持经济和社会发展成就是有用的。
目前十年内负责水产养殖发展和贸易粮农组织取得进步二等评估,在2005年第一和出版的2006年世界水产养殖状况,在2009年第二和显示为2010年全球养殖审查中,都显示出:(一)进度已经符合曼谷宣言和战略所作的努力已经基本实现,(二)战略仍然是相关各国的水产养殖发展的需求和愿望,以及(c)有需要的战略要素加强以提高其效率,以实现发展目标和应对持续的和新出现的威胁。
这个主题阐述了与曼谷宣言和战略,这使水产养殖业,以目前的水平保持在过去十年中取得的成就。
知识共享署名。