本刊物是由粮农组织和亚太水产养殖中心在2015年实施的文档和促进水产养殖业在亚太地区的可持续集约化传播成功做法的区域方案的主要输出。十二做法描述了对中的至少一个有助于以下:改进的生产和资源的利用效率(土地,水,饲料,能量);提高环境效益;增强经济活力和农民的应变能力;和改善的社会接受和公平性。 P>
要提供食物,世界人口在2050年,据估计,农业产出,主要来自种植业,畜牧业和渔业,包括水产养殖,必须增加60%。水产养殖的集约化是在需求不断增加,有限的土地面积,并提高技术面对不可避免的。无论我们是能够做到这一点以可持续的方式将取决于全球治理和管理,也取决于技术进步。 P>
改进饲料管理表示可持续性方程中的关键组成部分,和业内人士的反应,特别是在关于使用鱼粉和鱼油,将决定是否进料有可能成为在实现可持续性的限制因素。为了继续促进全球粮食鱼供应,该行业将不得不加大力度。呈现讨论减少对这些商品的依赖以及似是而非的手段。 P>
亚洲水产养殖是鱼粉的全球主要用户,并在亚洲(不包括中国)用鱼粉的86%,现在去养殖。随着鱼的没有新的来源,许多人认为我们已经达到了沿海拖网渔业的限制。有一个转变,从使用鲜鱼直接作为进料远离,朝向颗粒饲料。由于供应紧缩和成本上升的亚洲水产养殖业将受到影响。 P>
The Atlantic salmon, tilapia and whiteleg shrimp are the most successful aquaculture species. Fundamental to this success has been the success of genetic improvement of the broodstock. Selective breeding has taken a sustained long-term effort. Genetic gains in shrimp have contributed to annual gains in pond efficiency, translating into lower costs of energy, labour, capital and feed costs, combined with higher annual yields.
Carbon footprint has become a useful tool for greenhouse gas emission assessment and management for climate change mitigation, and is expected to increase in importance, assisting in identifying hot spots for improvement, evaluating performance of different farming systems, comparing new and current products, and selecting appropriate climate-friendly technologies. Comparative carbon footprint values can give an indication of green farming systems as well as climate-conscious products.
虽然在地平线上没有万能的,存在着巨大的潜力,通过现有技术的更广泛的传播,增加亚洲水产养殖生产效率,特别是在欠发达国家。更好的管理实践大实施,将提高现有系统的效率,以及生态系统的方法来养殖将有助于水产养殖更合适的整合与其他土地用途,并保持环境的完整性。 P>
Bangladesh ranked thirteenth in 2009 among 34 Asian countries in terms of aquaculture production. Within the fisheries sector, shrimp make the largest contribution in terms of foreign exchange earnings. Focus should be on overcoming the constraints identified along the value chain. Efforts should focus on increasing profitability and income from the sector, by improving governance through proper implementation of institutional policies and rules; improving access to resources and other measures.
Aquaculture planning and management tools are supported by a range of broader cross-cutting system capacities needed by any jurisdiction to fulfill its responsibilities with respect to ensuring ESD and thereby, the sustainable intensification of aquaculture. These include legal instruments, standard operating procedures, capacity and capability (expertise) necessary to implement the specific tools. The single most important tool necessary in all instances is the political vision and leadership.
农民组织成一个集群参与集体规划,决策和实施作物的活动,通过参与式的方法来实现他们的共同目标。有证据表明,如果农民能够看到的好处,特别是长期利益,他们会改变在各种条件和驾驶员的农业实践。用提供足够的支持和服务他们可以在移动水产养殖实现可持续性解决方案的一部分。 P>